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Research

Unprecedented scientific research and testing
AXIS has undergone numerous research studies at leading universities; many research programs are ongoing. However, what may be the most statistically credible research ever done on a single inorganic soil amendment was an AXIS project conducted by Dr. Ed McCoy at Ohio State University over a three year period.
Following are highlights of Dr. McCoy's findings. The results are broken into two areas of effect:
(1) How AXIS improves soil structure, and
(2) How turf and plants respond to this improvement.

 

AXIS increases available water AXIS increases soil heat capacity
Increased available water means that AXIS holds moisture in reserve for use by plants during droughty conditions.
It was previously believed that inorganic amendments held water too "tightly" to be used by plants. This research proves that AXIS releases water making it available to plants.
Higher heat capacity means that a soil will warm or cool more slowly, giving turf managers more latitude when responding to dramatic temperature changes.

AXIS increases soil permeability AXIS reduces soil bulk density
Increases in both available water and permeability are desirable, but were generally thought to be mutually exclusive properties until science proved AXIS does both. Added to USGA sand and sand/peat greens mixes, AXIS dramatically reduces soil bulk density because of its internal porosity. Other inorganic amendments, such as clays and zeolites, do not reduce soil bulk density as effectively on a volume to volume basis.

More and deeper roots Improved clipping yields during stress
AXIS promotes deeper roots, and greater numbers of fine root hairs. This graph indicates increase of total root mass at the 6" to 8" depth. A stronger root system helps turf and plants resist disease, drought, and other stress factors. The ability of AXIS to aid in droughty conditions is indicated by improved clipping yields when turf is under water stress.

Increased transpiration Better looking turf during stress
Differences in cumulative evapo-transpiration are a good indicator of the overall health of turf. In this study, turn in AXIS plots outperforms turf in USGA coarse sand / peat mix under water stress conditions. Early in the Ohio State research, it was noted that turf planted in an AXIS mix was visibly greener during times of water stress. This highly beneficial effect was measured and recorded.

Experts Agree: AXIS is Highly Effective

States Dr. Raj Mehta, noted microbiologist, "AXIS produces an oxygenating effect in soil because of its unique internal porosity. Beneficial bacteria thrive under such conditions, given adequate moisture, temperature, and food source. Healthy populations of beneficial bacteria such as Azotobacter sp., Pseudomanas sp., Bacillus sp., and beneficial fungi produce enzymes that are antagonistic toward damaging soil organisms such at Pythium, Rhizoctonia,  and Fusarium."

Concludes Dr. Ed McCoy, "By addition of 10% AXIS to sand / peat blends, we observed the following improvement in root zone parameters:
  • Reduced bulk density
  • Increased available water, particularly for coarse sand
  • Increased permeability, particularly for fine sand
  • Increased buffering of soil temperature

    This improvement of the root zone mix resulted in healthier turf as confirmed by the following observations:

    • More and deeper roots
    • Increased clipping yields, particularly for coarse sand
    • Increased evapo-transpiration
    • Increased canopy temperature differential
    • Better visual appearance following stress"

University of Florida Nursery Research

Hibiscus and azalea plants grown in AXIS for five months under regular drip irrigation conditions were 40% larger. Under simulated drought conditions, plants grown in AXIS were 25% larger.

Other Research

AXIS has been tested at numerous other universities with similar results. Ongoing research is currently being conducted at Ohio State University to quantify water savings in sand based systems. For copies of additional research, contact EnviroTech Soil Solutions, Inc.

Water Savings Research Results
Dr. Ed McCoy, Ohio State University, December 2004
Estimated, 20-year irrigation savings from the addition of 10% AXIS to a pure sand or sand/peat root zone. Savings are based on the reduction of irrigation depth as compared with the unamended system. Also shown are the percent reductions in the number of irrigation events from addition of 10% AXIS to pure sand or a sand/peat root zone. Complete article...

AXIS RATIONALE
Evaluating sand for athletic turf.

Bingaman, D.E. and H. Kohnke. 1970. Agronomy Journal.
Complete Article...

Summary of Recent Developments
Complete Article summarizing eight recent documented cases for AXIS applications...


 

 

 

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 Last modified July 01, 2008

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